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中华关节外科杂志(电子版) ›› 2024, Vol. 18 ›› Issue (06) : 709 -719. doi: 10.3877/ cma.j.issn.1674-134X.2024.06.003

临床论著

机器人辅助功能对线与手工机械对线全膝置换的早期疗效
孙银松1,2,3, 王德华1,2,3, 周鹭4, 雷一霆1,2,3, 魏嘉莹1,2,3, 贺尧1,2,3,5, 董明非1,2,3, 赵辰1,2,3, 黄伟1,2,3, 厉轲1,2,3,()   
  1. 1.400016 重庆医科大学附属第一医院骨科
    2.400016 重庆市卫生健康委员会运动系统再生与转化医学重点实验室
    3.400016 重庆医科大学骨科实验室
    4.400016 重庆医科大学附属第一医院护理部
    5.401300 重庆医科大学附属巴南医院骨科
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-21 出版日期:2024-12-01
  • 通信作者: 厉轲
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS240292)重庆市科卫联合医学科研中青年高端人才项目(2025GDRC009)重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB202ITIAD-KPX0069)

Early clinical outcomes of robot-assisted functional alignment and manual mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty

Yinsong Sun1,2,3, Dehua Wang1,2,3, Lu Zhou4, Yiting Lei1,2,3, Jiaying Wei1,2,3, Yao He1,2,3,5, Mingfei Dong1,2,3, Chen Zhao1,2,3, Wei Huang1,2,3, Ke Li1,2,3,()   

  1. 1.Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
    2.Chongqing Municipal Health Commission Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Regeneration and Translational Medicine, Chongqing 400016, China
    3.Orthopaedic Research Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 400016, China
    4.Nursing Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
    5.Department of Orthopedics, Banan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing 401300, China
  • Received:2024-02-21 Published:2024-12-01
  • Corresponding author: Ke Li
引用本文:

孙银松, 王德华, 周鹭, 雷一霆, 魏嘉莹, 贺尧, 董明非, 赵辰, 黄伟, 厉轲. 机器人辅助功能对线与手工机械对线全膝置换的早期疗效[J/OL]. 中华关节外科杂志(电子版), 2024, 18(06): 709-719.

Yinsong Sun, Dehua Wang, Lu Zhou, Yiting Lei, Jiaying Wei, Yao He, Mingfei Dong, Chen Zhao, Wei Huang, Ke Li. Early clinical outcomes of robot-assisted functional alignment and manual mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty[J/OL]. Chinese Journal of Joint Surgery(Electronic Edition), 2024, 18(06): 709-719.

目的

比较机器人辅助功能对线全膝关节置换术(RFA-TKA)与传统手工机械对线全膝关节置换术(MA-TKA)的关节假体置入准确性和早期临床疗效以及患者手术整体满意度。

方法

收集在2022年6月至2023年10月期间,因膝关节退行性病变(OA)于重庆医科大学附属第一医院骨科行全膝关节置换术,术后随访时间大于3个月且随访资料完整的患者资料,排除其他诊断、韧带松弛、随访资料不全的患者,进行回顾性分析。按手术方式分为RFA-TKA组和MA-TKA组,记录患者一般资料,计算患者身体质量指数(BMI),调查患者手术整体满意度,测量并记录患者手术前后髋-膝-踝角(HKA),机械股骨远端外侧角(mLDFA),机械胫骨近端内侧角(mMPTA),评估并记录术前及术后3周、3个月随访时的视觉模拟评分(VAS)、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分(HSS)、西安大略省和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎指数评分(WOMAC)。重复测量次数≥3次的临床评分采用重复测量方差分析,计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用卡方检验。

结果

共有84例患者(89膝)纳入研究,其中RFA-TKA组47例(47膝),MA-TKA组37例(42膝)。两组年龄(t=-0.902)、BMI(t=-1.316)的差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。两组术前术后HKA(t=0.145、-0.065)、mLDFA(t=-0.251、0.802)、mMPTA(t=-1.643、-0.601)的差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。组间因素和时间因素对VAS评分、HSS评分、WOMAC评分的主效应均有统计学意义(F=6.257,P=0.016;F=1076.458,P<0.001;F=4.909,P=0.029;F=309.043,P<0.001;F=8.856,P=0.004;F=639.542,P<0.001)。手术方式和评分时间点对VAS评分和WOMAC评分存在交互作用(F=21.448,P<0.001;F=7.504,P=0.001)。RFA-TKA组患者的手术整体满意度更高(χ2=4.965,P=0.026)。

结论

RFA-TKA与MA-TKA对膝OA均有良好的治疗效果,而RFA-TKA具有更好的早期临床功能评分表现和更高的患者满意度。

Objective

To investigate and compare the precision in terms of joint prosthesis placement, early clinical efficacy and patients satisfaction of robotic-arm assisted functionally aligned total knee arthroplasty (RFA-TKA) versus mechanically aligned total knee arthroplasty with manual technique(MA-TKA).

Methods

Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty for knee osteoarthritis (OA) at the Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between June 2022 and October 2023, with a follow-up period exceeding three months and complete follow-up information. Patients with other diagnoses, ligament laxity, and incomplete follow-up data were excluded. Patients were categorized into RFA-TKA group and MA-TKA group based on the surgical approach. General patient characteristics were documented, body mass index (BMI) was calculated,overall surgical satisfaction was assessed, and pre-and post-operative measurements including hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibia angle (mMPTA)were recorded. Visual analogue scale (VAS), the Hospital for Special Surgery knee joint score (HSS), as well as the Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) were evaluated before surgery, at three weeks, and three months after surgery. Clinical scores with repeated measurements over three times were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA, measurement data were analyzed by t test, and enumeration data were analyzed by chi square test.

Results

A total of 84 patients (89 knees) were included in the study, including 47 patients (47 knees) in the RFA-TKA group and 37 patients (42 knees) in the MA-TKA group. The differences in age (t=-0.902) and BMI (t=-1.316) between the two groups were not statistically significant(both P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in preoperative and postoperative HKA(t=0.145, -0.065), mLDFA (t=-0.251, 0.802), and mMPTA (t=-1.643, -0.601)(all P>0.05). The main effects of group and time factors on VAS score, HSS score, and WOMAC score were statistically significant(F=6.257, P=0.016; F=1076.458, P<0.001; F=4.909, P=0.029; F=309.043; P<0.001; F=8.856, P=0.004;F=639.542, P<0.001). There was an interaction effect of surgical approach and scoring time point on VAS score and WOMAC score (F=21.448, P<0.001; F=7.504, P=0.001). The overall surgical satisfaction of patients in the RFA-TKA group was higher (χ2=4.965, P=0.026).

Conclusion

Both RFA-TKA and MATKA have good therapeutic effect on knee OA, while RFA-TKA has better early clinical function score and higher patient satisfaction.

图1 术前术后双下肢负重位全长正位X线片测量冠状位下肢影像学数据。图A为术前X线片测量术前HKA(髋-膝-踝角);图B为术前X线片测量机械股骨远端外侧角(mLDFA)、机械胫骨近端内侧角(mMPTA);图C为术后X线片测量术后HKA;图D为术后X线片测量术后mLDFA、mMPTA
Figure 1 Anteroposterior full-length X-ray images of both lower extremities at weight-bearing position before and after surgery for coronal lower extremity image data measurement. A is the preoperative X-ray image measuring the preoperative HKA (hip-knee-ankle angle); B is the preoperative X-ray image measuring mLDFA (mechanical lateral distal femoral angle) and mMPTA (mechanical medial proximal tibial angle); C is the postoperative X-ray image measuring the postoperative HKA; D is the postoperative X-ray image measuring the postoperative mLDFA and mMPTA
图2 RFA-TKA(机器人辅助功能对线全膝关节置换术)术前规划。图A为截骨情况术前模拟,绿色所示为截骨面;图B为关节假体适配情况术前模拟,蓝色所示为关节假体
Figure 2 Preoperative planning for RFA-TKA (robot-assisted functional alignment total knee arthroplasty). A shows the preoperative simulation of osteotomy, with the green part indicating the osteotomy surface; B shows the preoperative simulation of joint prosthesis adaptation, with the blue part indicating the joint prosthesis
图3 RFA-TKA(机器人辅助功能对线全膝关节置换术)术中注册与截骨。图A示术中行股骨注册;图B示机器人辅助股骨远端前侧截骨
Figure 3 Intraoperative registration and osteotomy in RFATKA (robot-assisted functional alignment total knee arthroplasty).A shows femoral registration during the operation; B shows robotassisted anterior osteotomy of the distal femur
表1 RFA-TKA与MA-TKA两组患者一般资料和手术整体满意度比较
Table 1 Comparison of general information and overall surgical satisfaction between the two groups
表2 RFA-TKA与MA-TKA两组影像资料组间比较[°,(±s)]
Table 2 Imaging data comparison between the two groups
表3 RFA-TKA与MA-TKA两组患者不同时间点临床评分结果比较
Table 3 Comparison of clinical scoring results at different time points between the twogroups
图4 两组临床评分的变化示意图。图A示两组VAS(视觉模拟评分)变化趋势;图B示两组HSS(特种医院膝关节评分)变化趋势;图C示两组WOMAC(西安大略和麦克马斯特大学骨关节炎评分)变化趋势
Figure 4 Schematic diagram of changes in clinical scores of the two groups. A shows the change trend of VAS scores in the two groups; B shows the change trend of HSS scores in the two groups;C shows the change trend of WOMAC scores in the two groups
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